Comprehensive guide on instrumentation 4–20 mA signal, transmitters, sensors, control valves, solenoids, PLC–field interfacing, PID control, and HART protocol for precise process automation.

Topics- 

Why 4 to 20 mA Signal is Used in PLC and Instrumentation

Instrumentation Signals

Square Root Calculation in DP Flow Transmitters

Transmitter measurement into 4 to 20 mA Signal

Transmitter Field Check

Transmitter Wiring - PLC to Field Connections

Pressure Switch vs Pressure Transmitter

Pressure Transmitter

RTD Sensor

Thermocouples

RTD vs Thermocouple

Proximity Sensor

Control Valves

How Does a Control Valve Work?

Control valve leakage test

Smart Valve Positioner

Types of Solenoid Valves

Solenoid Valves in Instrumentation and PLC Systems

PID Controller

PLC Control System for Pneumatic Control Valve

Role of PLC in Instrumentation

PLC Control Systems and Instrumentation Signal Flow

Supply In Instrumentation Systems

HART Protocol & HART Communicator